Survival and the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with lymphatic metastasis / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prognosis and the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with lymphatic metastasis.@*Methods@#From Jan, 2008 to Dec, 2011, 329 patients with ESCC who underwent two-field radical resection(R0), had lymphatic metastasis and survived over three months were enrolled in this study. There were 246 males and 83 females. The median age was 61 years-old. Site of lesion was located at upper- in 23, middle- in 226 and lower-thoracic segment in 80 patients. There were 114 patients treated with surgery alone and 215 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy. Prognostic factors including adjuvant chemotherapy were assessed in ESCC patients with lymphatic metastasis.@*Results@#In 329 ESCC patients with lymphatic metastasis, the 1-, 3-, 5-years overall survival (OS) rate and progress-free survival (PFS) rate were 74.5%, 31.7%, 24.5%, and 55.1%, 27.8%, 24.2%, respectively. Median OS and PFS were 22 and 15 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, site of lesion and disease stage were independent factors for OS and PFS (P<0.05). Adjuvant chemotherapy was also an independent prognostic factor for OS (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy could improve OS mainly in patients of males, ages≤60, tumor length <6 cm, well- or mediated differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, stage pT3, pN2 and ⅢB (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#ESCC patients with lymphatic metastasis had poor prognosis. Site of lesion and disease stage were important prognositic factors for survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve survival in specific patients.

Patterns of recurrence in patients with stage pT3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after two-field esophagectomy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the patterns of recurrence and the related factors in patients with pT3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after two-field esophagectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan 2008 to Dec 2009, 208 patients with stage pT3N0M0(2002, UICC) thoracic ESCC were treated with two-field esophagectomy in our hospital. There were 138 males and 70 females, and the median age was 60 years old (range 33-78). There were 33 patients in the upper-, 134 in the middle-, and 41 in the lower-thoracic esophagus, with a median length of lesion of 5 cm. There were 32 patients with no-, 78 with mild- and 98 patients with severe adhesions at surgery. The median number of dissected lymph nodes was 9 (range 1-27). 98 patients were treated with surgery alone and 110 with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 13.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The follow-up was ended on July 2013. In the total group of 208 patients, the total recurrence rate was 41.8% (87/208). Among them, 52 patients had locoregional recurrence (LR), 15 had distant metastasis (DM) and 20 patients had both local recurrence and distant metastasis. 40.2% (35/87) of all recurrences were found within one year after operation, 67.8% (59/87) within 2 years, 86.2% (75/87) within 3 years, and 100% (87/87) within 4 years. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 83.0%, 62.8% and 56.3%, respectively. The overall locoregional recurrence rate was 34.6% (72/208), among them, 9 cases had recurrence in the cervix (all were supraclavicular lymph node metastasis), 66 cases in the mediastinum and 4 cases had para-aortic lymph node metastasis. 83.3% (60/72) of the locoregional recurrence was located in the carinal region or upper area. The 1-, 3-, 5-year locoregional recurrence rate was 15.6%, 32.2%, and 36.8%, respectively, and the median time of recurrence was 15.5 months. The overall distant metastasis (DM) rate was 16.8% (35/208). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year DM rate was 4.4%, 15.3%, and 20.1%, respectively, and the median time of DM was 24 months. The most common site of DM was the lung and bone. The univariate analysis showed that age and tumor site were associated with PFS, tumor site and small lymph node in the mediastinum (diamter <1 cm) before surgery were related with LR (P<0.05 for all), and tumor site, histological differentiation and LR were related with distant metastasis after surgery (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor site was an independent prognostic factor affecting the progression-free survival and locoregional recurrence (P<0.05), and histological differentiation and LR were independent factors associated with distant metastasis (P<0.05 for all).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The recurrence rate is very high in patients with pT3N0M0 thoracic ESCC after surgery, and most of them occur within 3 years after operation. Locoregional recurrence occurs more frequently and shortly than distant metastasis, and most of LR is located in the carinal region or upper-mediastinum. LR rate in upper-thoracic ESCC is very high, therefore, postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is strongly suggested. LR rate in middle thoracic ESCC is also rather high and PORT is suggested. LR occur much less in the lower-thoracic ESCC, thus, PORT is not suggested routinely. Patients with poorly differentiated ESCC and LR have a high rate of distant metastasis.</p>

The role of transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To explore the role of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To 42 cases of primary bronchogenic carcinoma with suspected lymph node metastasis by X-ray and CT scan of chest, the TBNA was performed before operation. The cytological results and c-TNM by TBNA were compared with the pathological ones and p-TNM after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnosis of 10 cases with N₂ metastasis was completely corresponding by TBNA and pathological examination after operation. Nineteen out of 22 cases with N₁ metastasis were confirmed by TBNA, and the false negative results ocurred in 3 cases. The results of TBNA in lymph nodes' size from 2 to 3 cm was completely accordant with pathological ones after operation. For 1 to 2 cm lymphnodes, the accurate rate of TBNA was 88.5% (23/26). The overall accurate rate of c-TNM by TBNA was 85.7% (36/42) compared with p-TNM. A small amount of hemoptysis ocurred in 3 cases, no pneumothorax and other serious complications were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The TBNA for staging of bronchogenic carcinoma is a simple and economic method with high correct rate and high clinical applicable value.</p>